Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubekho imfuno ekhulayoeguquguqukayo nebonakalayoiifilimu ezinokugotywa okanye zibunjwe zibe ziimo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino nezobuchwepheshe. Ezi filimu zifumene usetyenziso kumashishini afana ne-elektroniki, izibonisi, iiseli zelanga, kunye nokupakisha okukrelekrele, phakathi kwezinye. Ukukwazi kwezi filimu ukugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukukhanya kwazo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yazo kwezi zicelo. Kodwa ezi filimu zifikelela njani kanye kanye ekubeni bhetyebhetye kangaka?
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka sijonge kakhulu indlela ezibunjwe ngayo kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwezi filimu. Uninzi lweefilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayo zenziwe ngeepolymers, ezingamakhonkco amade eeyunithi zemolekyuli eziphindaphindayo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zepolymer kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuguquguquka kunye nokucaca kwefilimu. Ezinye izinto zepolymer eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayo ziquka i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), kunye ne-polyimide (PI).
Ezi zinto zepolymer zibonelela ngeempawu ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini, ezinje ngamandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye nokuzinza okuhle kobukhulu, ngelixa zisagcina ukucaca kwazo. Iitsheyini zeemolekyuli zepolymer zixinene kwaye zibonelela ngesakhiwo esomeleleyo nesilinganayo kwifilimu. Olu lwakhiwo luvumela ifilimu ukuba imelane nokugoba kunye nokubumba ngaphandle kokwaphuka okanye ukulahlekelwa kukukhanya.
Ukongeza ekukhetheni izinto zepolymer, inkqubo yokuvelisa ikwanegalelo ekuguquguqukeni kwefilimu. Iifilimu zihlala ziveliswa ngokudibanisa iindlela zokukhupha kunye nezolula. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, izinto zepolymer ziyanyibilika kwaye zinyanzeliswe ngomngxuma omncinci obizwa ngokuba yidayi, oyenza ibe yishiti elincinci. Eli shiti liyapholiswa kwaye liqiniswe ukuze lenze ifilimu.
Emva kwenkqubo yokukhupha, ifilimu inokudlula kwinqanaba lokunweba ukuze iphucule ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukolula kubandakanya ukutsala ifilimu kwiindlela ezimbini ezithe nkqo ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyandisa imixokelelwane yepolymer kwaye iwalungelelanise kwicala elithile. Le nkqubo yokolula izisa uxinzelelo kwifilimu, okwenza kube lula ukugoba nokubumba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukukhanya kwayo. Umgangatho wokolula kunye necala lokunweba linokulungiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguquguquka okufunekayo kwifilimu.
Enye into echaphazela amandla okugobaiifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayobubukhulu bazo. Iifilimu ezincinci zihlala ziguquguquka ngakumbi kunezo zinkulu ngenxa yokumelana kwazo okuncinci ekugobeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko phakathi kobukhulu kunye namandla oomatshini. Iifilimu ezincinci zinokuba lula ukukrazuka okanye ukubhoboza, ingakumbi xa ziphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ke ngoko, abavelisi kufuneka baphucule ubukhulu befilimu ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo.
Ngaphandle kweempawu zoomatshini kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa, ukucaca kwefilimu kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo zomphezulu. Xa ukukhanya kudibana nomphezulu wefilimu, kunokubonakaliswa, kudluliselwe, okanye kufunxwe. Ukuze kufezekiswe ukucaca, iifilimu zihlala zigqunywe ngamaleko amancinci ezinto ezibonakalayo, ezifana ne-indium tin oxide (ITO) okanye ii-nanoparticles zesilivere, ezinceda ekunciphiseni ukucaca kunye nokuphucula ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Ezi ngubo ziqinisekisa ukuba ifilimu ihlala icacile kakhulu nokuba igobile okanye ibunjiwe.
Ukongeza ekuguquguqukeni kwazo kunye nokungafihlisi, iifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayo zikwabonelela ngezinye izibonelelo ezininzi kunezixhobo eziqinileyo zemveli. Ukukhanya kwazo kuzenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile, njengakwizinto ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi kwazo ukuhambelana nomphezulu ogobileyo kwenza uyilo lwezixhobo ezintsha nezonga indawo. Umzekelo,iifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayozisetyenziswa kwiidisplay ezigobileyo, ezibonelela ngamava okubukela anomdla ngakumbi.
Imfuno ekhulayo yeiifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayoiye yakhuthaza uphando nophuhliso kweli candelo, apho izazinzulu kunye neenjineli zizama ukuphucula iipropati zazo nokwandisa usetyenziso lwazo. Basebenza ekuphuhliseni izixhobo ezintsha zepolymer ngokuguquguquka okuphuculweyo kunye nokungafihlisi, kunye nokuhlola iindlela ezintsha zokwenza imveliso ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso engabizi kakhulu. Ngenxa yale mizamo, ikamva libonakala lithembisaiifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayo, kwaye singalindela ukubona usetyenziso olutsha ngakumbi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuguquguquka kweefilimu ezicacileyo kufezekiswa ngokudibanisa izinto, kuquka ukukhethwa kwezinto zepolymer, inkqubo yokwenziwa, ubukhulu befilimu, kunye neempawu zomphezulu wayo. Izixhobo zepolymer ezineempawu ezintle zoomatshini zivumela ifilimu ukuba imelane nokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukukhanya. Inkqubo yokwenziwa ibandakanya ukukhupha kunye nokulula ukuze kuphuculwe ukuguquguquka. Iingubo kunye neengqimba ezincinci zisetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Ngophando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso, ikamva leiifilimu eziguquguqukayo nezibonakalayoibukeka iqaqambile, kwaye bazimisele ukuguqula amashishini kunye netekhnoloji ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-05-2023
