Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yebhetyebhetye elubalaIifilimu ezinokugotywa okanye zibunjwe zibe ziimo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ezi filimu zifumene izicelo kumashishini afana ne-elektroniki, imiboniso, iiseli zelanga, kunye nokupakishwa okuhlakaniphile, phakathi kwabanye. Ukukwazi kwezi bhanyabhanya ukugoba ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokubonakala kwazo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yazo kwezi zicelo. Kodwa ngokwenene ezi filimu zifikelela njani ekubeni bhetyebhetye?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kufuneka sihlolisise inkqubo yokwakhiwa kunye nokuveliswa kwezi filimu. Uninzi lweefilimu eziguquguqukayo ezicacileyo zenziwe kwiipolymers, ezingamatyathanga amade okuphindaphinda iiyunithi zemolekyuli. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zepolymer kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukuguquguquka kunye nokungafihli kwefilimu. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zepolymer ezisetyenziselwa iifilimu eziguquguqukayo ezicacileyo ziquka i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), kunye ne-polyimide (PI).
Ezi zixhobo zepolymer zibonelela ngeempawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okuhle komgangatho, ngelixa zigcina ukubonakala kwazo. Amaketanga e-polymer molecules ahlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo kwaye anikezela ngesakhiwo esiqinileyo kunye nesifanayo kwifilimu. Le mfezeko yesakhiwo ivumela ifilimu ukuba imelane nokugoba kunye nokubumba ngaphandle kokuphulwa okanye ukulahlekelwa ukubonakala.
Ukongeza ekukhethweni kwezinto zepolymer, inkqubo yokuvelisa iphinda ifake isandla ekuguquguqukeni kwefilimu. Iifilimu zidla ngokuveliswa ngokudityaniswa kweendlela zokukhupha kunye nezolula. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion, i-polymer material iyancibilika kwaye inyanzeliswe ngokuvula okuncinci okubizwa ngokuba yi-die, eyibumba ibe ishidi elincinci. Eli phepha liyapholiswa lize liqiniswe ukwenza ifilimu.
Ukulandela inkqubo ye-extrusion, ifilimu inokuthi ihambe inyathelo elizolulayo ukuze ikhulise ngakumbi ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukolula kubandakanya ukutsala ifilimu kwiindlela ezimbini ze-perpendicular ngaxeshanye, eyandisa amatyathanga epolymer kwaye iwalungelelanise kwicala elithile. Le nkqubo yokwelula yazisa uxinzelelo kwifilimu, yenza kube lula ukugoba kunye nokubumba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubonakala kwayo. Iqondo lokwelula kunye nolwalathiso lokwelula lunokulungelelaniswa ukufezekisa ukuguquguquka okufunwayo kwifilimu.
Enye into echaphazela ukugoba ukukwazi ukugobaiifilim eziguqukayo ezicacileyobubunzima bazo. Iifilimu ezibhityileyo zithande ukuba bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kunezo zityebileyo ngenxa yokuncipha kwazo ukumelana nokugoba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho urhwebo phakathi kobunzima kunye namandla omatshini. Iifilimu ezibhityileyo zinokukrazuka okanye zigqobhozwe, ngakumbi ukuba ziphantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ngoko ke, abavelisi kufuneka bandise ubukhulu befilimu ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo.
Ngaphandle kweepropati zomatshini kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukucaca kwefilimu kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo zomphezulu. Xa ukukhanya kudibana nomphezulu wefilimu, kunokubonakaliswa, ukusasazwa okanye ukufunxwa. Ukufezekisa ukungafihli, iifilimu zihlala zigqunywe ngamacandelo amancinci ezinto ezibonakalayo, ezifana ne-indium tin oxide (ITO) okanye i-nanoparticles yesilivere, enceda ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Ezi zogquma ziqinisekisa ukuba ifilimu ihlala icace kakhulu naxa igobile okanye ibunjiwe.
Ukongeza kokuguquguquka kunye nokungafihli, iifilimu eziguquguqukayo ezicacileyo zikwabonelela nangezinye iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zemveli eziqinileyo. Ubume babo obukhaphukhaphu bubenza balungele usetyenziso apho ukunciphisa ubunzima kubalulekile, njengakwi-elektroniki ephathekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi kwabo ukuhambelana nemigangatho egobileyo kwenza uyilo lwezixhobo ezintsha kunye nezonga indawo. Njengokuba,iifilim eziguqukayo ezicacileyozisetyenziswa kwimiboniso egobileyo, ebonelela ngamava okubukela okuntywilayo.
Ukunyuka kwemfuno yeiifilim eziguqukayo ezicacileyoiye yabangela uphando kunye nophuhliso kweli candelo, kunye nezazinzulu kunye neenjineli zizama ukuphucula iimpawu zabo kunye nokwandisa izicelo zabo. Basebenzela ukuphuhlisa izinto ezintsha zepolymer ezinokuguquguquka okuphuculweyo kunye nokungafihli, kunye nokuphonononga iindlela zokwenziwa kwenoveli ukuphumeza imveliso enexabiso eliphantsi. Ngenxa yale migudu, ikamva likhangeleka lithembisaiifilim eziguqukayo ezicacileyo, kwaye sinokulindela ukubona izicelo ezintsha ezingakumbi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuguquguquka kweefilimu ezibonakalayo kufezekiswa ngokudityaniswa kwezinto, kubandakanywa nokukhethwa kwezinto zepolymer, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ubukhulu befilimu, kunye neempawu zayo eziphezulu. Izinto zePolymer ezineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini zivumela ifilimu ukuba imelane nokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa elubala. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ibandakanya i-extrusion kunye nokwelula ukunyusa ngakumbi ukuguquguquka. Iingubo kunye neengqimba ezincinci zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, ikamva leiifilim eziguqukayo ezicacileyoikhangeleka iqaqambile, kwaye imiselwe ukuguqula amashishini kunye nobuchwepheshe ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-05-2023
